Vol. 6, Issue 3 (2018)
Soil compaction and their management in farming systems: A review
Author(s): Vijay Kumar, Tejbir Singh Butter, A Samanta, Gobinder Singh, Manoj Kumar, Balbir Dhotra, Naresh Kumar Yadav and Raj Singh Choudhary
Abstract: Soil compaction is a thoughtful and preventable kind of soil degradation that can outcome in increased soil erosion and reduced crop production. It is the disturbance and lessening of the macro pores within the soil and was one of the major problems facing currentfarming. The overdoing of machinery, exhaustive cropping, short crop rotations, intensive grazing and unsuitable soil management leads to compaction. Soil compaction rises in a wide range of soils, climates and is aggravated by low soil organic matter content and use of tillage or grazing at great soil moisture content. The direct impacts on soil physical properties such as increases soil strength and decreases porosity, structural stability, soil hydraulic conductivity, nutrient availability and decreases soil health. The several soil compactionsinduce root bend, underdeveloped shoot growth, low and late germination rate, and great mortality rate. A harmful sequence before occurs of condensed plant growth leading to lesser inputs of fresh organic matter to the soil, cheap nutrient recycling and mineralisation, decreases soil biodiversity through decreasing microbial biomass, enzymatic activity, soil fauna and flora and increased wear and tear on cultivation machinery.Several approaches are requiring proposing the declaration of the soil compaction tricky is realistic consenting to the soil, environment and agriculture system. These techniques was developed to escape, adjournment or prevent soil compaction: (a) decreased on pressure in soil either by reducing axle load or increasing the contact area of wheels (b) operational soil and allowing grazing at optimal soil moisture content, soil texture, soil structure, and soil organic matter (c) decreasing the number of passes via farm machinery and the intensity and frequency of grazing; (d) restraining traffic to certain areas of the field or controlled traffic (e) improving soil organic matter through retaining of crop and pasture residues; (f) eliminating soil compaction by deep ripping in the presence of an aggregating agent; (g) crop rotations that comprise plants with deep, strong taproots (h) conservation of an appropriate base saturation ratio and complete nutrition to meet crop requirements to help the soil, crop system to resist unsafe external stresses. Proper management techniques can minimize the influence of compaction, but improved management is the best elucidation for addressing compaction.
Pages: 2302-2313 | 420 Views 109 Downloads
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How to cite this article:
Vijay Kumar, Tejbir Singh Butter, A Samanta, Gobinder Singh, Manoj Kumar, Balbir Dhotra, Naresh Kumar Yadav, Raj Singh Choudhary. Soil compaction and their management in farming systems: A review. Int J Chem Stud 2018;6(3):2302-2313.
